THE JOURNAL OF REGIONAL HISTORY V.1 No.1
The Mediterranean region and the Mediterranean images in the activities of forei...
THE JOURNAL OF REGIONAL HISTORY V.1 No.1

The Mediterranean region and the Mediterranean images in the activities of foreign tutors and governesses in the Russian Empire

Authors:
Olga Y. Solodyankina
DOI:
Full text:
The article discusses the activities of tutors and governesses, who came from the Mediterranean region; a very small group among the foreign teachers who worked in the Russian Empire, where the reviews about their professionalism were quite contradictory. The Italian language was rarely included into the circle of subjects, which the foreign teachers (not necessarily Italian in origin) knew and could teach. A visit to the Mediterranean could be part of an educational tour abroad, carried out under the supervision of a tutor. Warm Mediterranean countries were also visited during a ‘healing tour’ – made by both sick children under the supervision of teachers and unhealthy adult patients accompanied by children with their foreign mentors.  The Mediterranean region, its lush nature and rich culture made a lasting impression on everyone who ever came there.
Olga Y. Solodyankina
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal Historia Provinciae – the Journal of Regional History
Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-8085
olga_solodiankin@mail.ru
    1. Abramova I.I. Znachenie ‘Grand-tur’ v obrazovanii i vospitanii dzhentl'mena [The meaning of ‘Grand Tour’ in the education and upbringing of a gentleman].  Iaroslavskii pedagogicheskii vestnik [Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin], 2006, no. 3, pp. 75–82. (In Russian)
    2. Alekseev M.P. Angliiskii iazyk v Rossii i russkii iazyk v Anglii [English in Russia and Russian in England]. Uchenye zapiski LGU. Ser. Filologicheskie nauki [Scientific Notes of Leningrad State University. Ser. Philology], vol. 9, 1944, pp. 77–137 (In Russian)
    3. Alekseev M.P. Russko-angliiskie literaturnye sviazi (XVIII vek – pervaia polovina XIX veka) [Russian-English literary connections (18th century – early 19th century)]. Literaturnoe nasledstvo [Literary Heritage], vol. 91. Moscow: Nauka, 1982, 863 p. (In Russian)
    4. Argent G., Offord D.,  Rjéoutski V. The Functions and Value of Foreign Languages in Eighteenth-Century Russia.  The Russian Review, 2015, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 1–19. DOI: 10.1111/russ.10752
    5. Arkhimandrit Avgustin (Nikitin). Livorno. Neva, 2014, no. 10. Available at: http://magazines. russ.ru/neva/2014/10/19a.html (accessed:: 03.02.2017) (In Russian)
    6. Brandon Ruth. Other people's daughters: The life and Times of the Governess. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2008. 336 p.
    7. Chudinov A.V. Frantsuzskie guvernery v Rossii kontsa XVIII v.: stereotipy i real'nost' [French tutors in Russia at the end of the 18th century: stereotypes and reality].  Evropejskoe Prosveshhenie i civilizacija Rossii [European Enlightenment and Civilization of Russia], S.Y. Karp, S.A. Mezin (eds). M. Nauka, 2004, pp. 330–334. (In Russian)
    8. Cross A.G. “By the banks of the Neva”: chapters from the lives and careers of the British in eighteenth-century Russia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 474 p.
    9. Cross Anthony. Early Miss Emmies: British nannies, governesses and companions in pre-emancipation Russia.  Anglo-Russica. Aspects of Cultural Relations between Great Britain and Russia in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Selected Essays by Anthony Cross. Oxford: Berg, 1993, pp. 222–244.
    10. Cross A.  English – A Serious Challenge to French in the Reign of Alexander I?  The Russian Review. 2015. Vol. 74. No. 1. Pp. 57–68. DOI: 10.1111/russ.10756
    11. Dahmen K.  The Use, Functions, and Spread of German in Eighteenth-Century Russia.  The Russian Review, 2015, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 20–40. DOI: 10.1111/russ.10754
    12. Efimova E.Sh. Polozhenie guvernantok i uchitel'nits v Velikobritanii poslednei treti XIX veka [The situation with governesses and teachers in Great Britain in the last third of the 19th century]. Vestnik Cheliabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University], 2011, no. 23 (238). History. Vol. 47, pp. 164–168. (in Russian)
    13. Francuzskii ezhegodnik 2011: Frankoiazychnye guvernery v Evrope XVII–XIX vv [French Yearbook: Francophone Tutors in Europe in the 17th–19th Centuries]. Moscow: IVI RAN, 2011. 470 p. (In Russian)
    14. Gathorne-Hardy Jonathan. The Rise and Fall of the British Nanny. L. Sydney; Auckland; Toronto: Hodder and Stoughton, 1972. 350 p.
    15. Grand Tour: puteshestvie kak kul'turnyj fenomen [Grand Tour: Journey as a Cultural Phenomenon]. V.P. Shestakov (Ed.). St. Petersburg: Aleteiia, 2012. 302 pp. (In Russian)
    16. Hardach-Pinke Irene. Die Gouvernante: Geschichte eines Frauenberufs. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, 1997. 310 p.
    17. Holden Katherine. Nanny Knows Best: The History of the British Nanny. Stroud: The History Press, 2013. 256 p.
    18. Hughes Kathryn. The Victorian governess. London; Rio Grande, Ohio: Hambledon Press, 1993. 278 p.
    19. Kovrigina V.A. Nemetskaia sloboda Moskvy i ee zhiteli v kontse XVII – pervoi chetverti XVIII veka [The German suburbs of Moscow and its inhabitants in the late 17th–first quarter of the 18th century]. Moscow: ‘Arheograficheskii tsentr’, 1997. 440 p. (In Russian)
    20. Le précepteur francophone en Europe XVIIe–XIXe siècles. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2013. 456 р.
    21. Lukovskaia D.I., Grechishkin S.S., Morozov V.I.  M.M. Speranskii: kratkii ocherk zhizni i deiatel'nosti [M.M. Speransky : a brief sketch of life and activity]. M.M. Speranskii: Zhizn', tvorchestvo, gosudarstvennaia deiatel'nost': (Sbornik statei) [М.М. Speransky: Life, Creativity and State Activity: (Collection of Articles)]. St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2000, pp. 3–66. (In Russian)
    22. Notkina O.Y. Abbat Nikol' – pervyi direktor Rishel'evskogo liceia. Biobibliograficheskii ukazatel' [Abbot Nicol – the first director of Richelieu Lyceum. Bibliographic index]. Vestnik Odesskogo natsional'nogo universiteta [Bulletin of Odessa National University], 2007, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 96–107. (In Russian)
    23. Pitcher H. When Miss Emmie was in Russia. English Governess Before, During and After the October Revolution.  L.: Century Publ.; Toronto; Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1984. 241p.
    24. Offord Derek, Ryazanova-Clarke Lara, Rjéoutski Vladislav and Argent Gesine (eds.) French and Russian in Imperial Russia. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015. 2 vols.
    25. Renton A. Tyrant or Victim? A History of the British Governess. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1991. 192 p.
    26. Rzheutskii V.S. Frantsuzskie guvernery v Akademii hudozhestv v 1760–1770 gg. [French tutors at the Academy of Fine Arts in the 1760–1970s]. Vosemnadtsatyi vek kak kul'turno-istoricheskii fenomen (Problemy izucheniia). Sbornik nauchnyh trudov [18th Century as a Historical and Cultural Phenomenon (Problems of Study)].  St. Petersburg: Rossiiskaia Akademiia khudozhestv, SPb akademicheskii Institut zhivopisi, skul'ptury i arkhitektury im. I.E. Repina, 2002, pp. 65–74. (In Russian)
    27. Rzheutskii V.S. Sotsial'nye seti vo francuzskom zemliachestve v Rossii (vtoraja polovina XVIII v.) [Social networks in the French community in Russia (second half of the 18th century)]. Frantsiia i frantsuzy v Sankt-Peterburge, XVIII–XX vv. [France and the French in St. Petersburg, 18th–20th centuries]. St. Petersburg: Evropeiskii Dom, 2005, pp. 293–314. (In Russian)
    28. Rzheutskii V.S., Somov V.A. Frantsuzy v Rossii v epokhu Prosveshheniia (materialy k istorii russko-frantsuzskih sviazei 1760–1780-kh gg. iz arkhiva frantsuzskogo posol'stva v Sankt-Peterburge) [The French in Russia in the Age of Enlightenment (materials on the history of Russian-French relations of the 1760s–80s from the archive of the French Embassy in St. Petersburg)]. Zapadnoevropeiskaia kul'tura v rukopisiakh i knigakh Rossiiskoi Natsional'noi biblioteki [Western European Culture in Manuscripts and Books of the Russian National Library]. Ed. L.I. Kiseleva. St.Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 2001, pp. 285–300. (In Russian)
    29. Solodyankina O.Y. Inostrannye guvernantki v Rossii (vtoraia polovina XVIII – pervaia polovina XIX veka) [Foreign governesses in Russia (second half of the 18th – first half of the 19th century)]. Moscow: Academia, 2007. 512 p. (In Russian)
    30. Solodyankina O.Y. Sotsial'noe polozhenie inostrannykh nastavnikov v Rossii (vtoraia polovina XVIII – pervaia polovina XIX v.) [Social position of foreign mentors in Russia (second half of the 18th– first half of the 19th century)]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriia i politicheskie nauki [Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University. Series ‘History and Political Sciences’], 2008, no. 2, pp. 10–24. (In Russian)
    31. Solodyankina O.Y. Frantsuzskie guvernery i guvernantki v Moskovskom i Peterburgskom uchebnykh okrugakh (1820–1850-е gg.) [The French tutors and governesses in Moscow and St Petersburgh  learning districts (1820–1850-s)]. Frantsuzskii ezhegodnik 2011: Frankoiazychnye guvernery v Evrope XVII–XIX  vv. [French Yearbook: Francophone Tutors in Europe in the 17th–19th Centuries]. Мoscow: IVI RAN, 2011, pp. 127–149.  (In Russian)
    32. Solov'ev N.V. Istoriia odnoi zhizni (A.A. Voeikova - "Svetlana") [The story of one life (A.A. Voeikova – ‘Svetlana’)]. Russkii bibliofil [Russian Bibliophile], 1915, no. 3, pp. 7–68.
    33. Stefko M.S. Evropeiskoe puteshestvie kak fenomen russkoi dvorianskoi kul'tury kontsa XVIII - pervoi chetverti XIX vekov [European journey as a phenomenon of Russian noble culture of the end of 18th – first quarter of the 19th centuries. Doct. Dis]. Moscow, 2010. 28 p. (In Russian)
    34. Testachcho. Nekatolicheskoe kladbishche dlia inostrantsev v Rime Alfavitnyi spisok russkikh zakhoronenii [Testaccio. Non-Catholic cemetery for foreigners in Rome. The alphabetical list of Russian burial places]. Seriia Rossiiskii nekropol'. Iss. 6. St-Perersburg: VIRD, 1999. 160 p. (In Russian)
    35. Tikhonova A.V. Shveitsarskie uchitelia v Rossii pervoi poloviny XIX v. [Swiss teachers in Russia in the first half of the 19th century]. Voprosy Istorii [Questions of History], 2011, no. 9, pp. 142–147. (In Russian)
    36. Zhane D.K. Frantsuzskii iazyk v Rossii XVIII v. kak obshchestvennoe iavlenie [French language in Russia of the 18th century as a social phenomenon]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. 1978. Ser. IX: Filologiia [Bulletin of Moscow University, 1978. Series 9. Philology], no. 1, pp. 62–70.  (In Russian)
Keywords:
home education and upbringing, the Russian Empire, foreign family tutors, foreign governesses, Mediterranean, Italian, intercultural interaction
For citation:
Solodyankina O. The Mediterranean region and the Mediterranean images in the activities of foreign tutors and governesses in the Russian Empir. Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history, 2017, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5–23. DOI: 10.23859/2587-8352-2017-1-1-1

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

ISSN 2587-8344 (Online)