THE JOURNAL OF REGIONAL HISTORY V.7 No.3
In the Struggle against “Tactless Liberalism”: A.K. Kirkor and the Newspaper Novoe Vremya on the Consequences of the Great Reforms in the Late 1860s – Early 1870s
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The article presents the analysis of socio-economic and political ideas reflected in the pages of the newspaper Novoe Vremya in the late 1860s – early 1870s, when A.K. Kirkor, a Vilna intellectual, representative of the pro-Russian-oriented public of Northwestern Krai, was its publisher and editor. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of Kirkor’s political views on the problems of governing the region in the critical era of the Great Reforms in the 1860s–70s, as well as to the assessment of the main governmental transformations in the editorials of Novoe Vremya and the newspaper’s attempts to influence the public opinion on that issue in the period between 1868 and 1871. The position of the editorial board of the newspaper and its publisher and editor Kirkor in characterizing the socio-economic transformations of the post-reform period could be characterized by ideological syncretism, which was based on a combination of liberal and class conservative values and was mainly determined by the political and socio-cultural situation in Northwestern Krai in the second half of the 1860s. It is concluded that within the framework of the newspaper’s work, Kirkor provided his recommendations of a local expert and thus sought to adjust the national policy in the region, pointing to more flexible methods of its Russification, which would take into account the needs and requirements of both the local social elite and the non-dominant ethnic groups of the region.
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Banaszkiewicz, M.A. “Adam Kirkor i ‘pol'skaya gazeta, izdavaemaya v Peterburge’: iz istorii (samo)vospriyatiya rannei publitsistiki ‘Novogo vremeni’ (1868–1871 gody)” [Adam Kirkor and the ‘Polish newspaper published in St Petersburg’: from the history of (self-)perception of the early socio-political journalism of Novoe Vremya (1868–1871)]. In Nasledie Rechi Pospolitoi v imperskom intellektual'nom prostranstve [The heritage of Rzeczpospolita in the imperial intellectual space], edited by A.Yu. Dvornichenko, 368–415. St Petersburg: Vladimir Dal', 2022. (In Russian)
Bessonov, P.A. Belorusskie pesni, s podrobnymi ob"yasneniyami ikh tvorchestva i yazyka, s ocherkami narodnogo obryada, obychaya i vsego byta [Byelorussian songs, with detailed explanations of their creation and language, with sketches of folk rite, custom, and everyday life]. Moscow: Tipografiya Bakhmeteva, 1871. (In Russian)
Brensztejn, M. Adam-Honory Kirkor wydawca, redaktor i właściciel drukarni w Wilnie od roku 1834 do 1867. Wilno: Skład Główny w Księgarni św. Wojciecha, 1930.
Dolbilov, M.D. Russkii krai, chuzhaya vera: Etnokonfessional'naya politika imperii v Litve i Belorussii pri Aleksandre II [Russian land, alien faith: ethno-confessional policy of the empire in Lithuania and Byelorussia under Alexander II]. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2010. (In Russian)
Dolbilov, M.D., and A.I. Miller, comps. Zapadnye okrainy Rossiiskoi imperii [Western Borderlands of the Russian Empire]. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2006. (In Russian)
Dolbilov, M.D., and D. Staliunas. “‘Obratnaya uniya’: proekt prisoedineniya katolikov k pravoslavnoi tserkvi v Rossiiskoi imperii (1865–1866 gody)” [‘Inverse union’: the project for Catholics to join the Orthodox Church in the Russian Empire (1865–1866)]. Slavyanovedenie, no. 5 (2005): 3–34. (In Russian)
Dvornichenko, A.Yu., ed. Zabytye stranitsy pol'skogo voprosa: Antologiya [Forgotten pages of the Polish issue: an anthology]. St Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2022. (In Russian)
Frączek, M. “Petersburskie czasopisma Adama Honorego Kirkora.” Europa Orientalis. Studia z Dziejów Europy Wschodniej i Państw Bałtyckich, no. 4 (2013): 103–20.
Gribanovskaya, A.M. “Gazeta ‘Novoe vremya’ do A.S. Suvorina” [The newspaper Novoe Vremya before A.S. Suvorin]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 8: Istoriya, no. 1 (2017): 44–53. (In Russian)
Komzolova, A.A. “Mitropolit Iosif (Semashko) i reformy narodnoi shkoly v Severo-Zapadnom krae” [Metropolitan Iosif (Semashko) and reforms of the public school in the North-Western Provinces]. Rossiiskaya istoriya, iss. 2 (2020): 159–73. (In Russian)
Kotov, A.E. “‘Narodnost'’ i ‘Soslovnost'’: dva polyusa russkogo konservatizma” [Populism and the system of estates: two poles of Russian conservatism]. Khristianskoe chtenie, no. 2 (2017):
288–306. (In Russian)
Kotov, A.E. “Mezhdu imperskim i natsional'nym” [Between the imperial and the national]. Novoe proshloe, no. 2 (2019): 194–201. (In Russian)
Kotov, A.E. “Zapadnorusskii anabasis Ksenofonta Govorskogo” [West-Russian anabasis of Xenophon Govorsky]. In Nasledie Rechi Pospolitoi v imperskom intellektual'nom prostranstve [The heritage of Rzeczpospolita in the imperial intellectual space], edited by A.Yu. Dvornichenko,
259–338. St Petersburg: Vladimir Dal', 2022. (In Russian)
Malinova, O.Yu. “Obshchestvo, publika, obshchestvennost' v Rossii serediny XIX – nachala KhKh veka: Otrazhenie v ponyatiyakh praktik publichnoi kommunikatsii i obshchestvennoi samodeyatel'nosti” [Society, public and community in Russia in the mid-19th – early 20th century: Reflection in the concepts of the practices of public communication and public initiatives]. In “Ponyatiya o Rossii”: k istoricheskoi semantike imperskogo perioda [“Notions about Russia”: on the historical semantics of the imperial period], edited by D. Sdvizhkov, and I. Shirle, 428–63. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2012. (In Russian)
Mizernyuk, N. “K istorii Vilenskogo Muzeya drevnostei” [On the history of Vilna Museum of Antiquities]. In Slavyanskii al'manakh 2003 [2003 Slavic almanac], edited by M.A. Robinson,
148–63. Moscow: Indrik, 2004. (In Russian)
Obshchestvennaya mysl' Rossii: s drevneishikh vremen do serediny XX v. [Social thought in Russia: from ancient times to the middle of 20th century]. 4 vols. Vol. 3, Obshchestvennaya mysl' Rossii vtoroi chetverti XIX – nachala XX v. [Social thought in Russia in the second quarter of the 19th – early 20th century], edited by V.V. Shelokhaev. Moscow: Politicheskaya entsiklopediya, 2020. (In Russian)
Staliūnas, D. “Lietuviškojo patriotizmo pėdsakai XIX a. viduryje.” Lietuvos istorijos metraštis. 2000 metai (2001): 310–25.
Staliunas, D. Pol'sha ili Rus'? Litva v sostave Rossiiskoi imperii [Poland or Rus'? Lithuania within the Russian Empire]. Translated from Lithuanian by T. Timchenko. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2022. (In Russian)
Stolzman, M. “Z działalności wydawniczej Adama Honorego Kirkora. Pismo zbio-rowe ‘Na dziś’.” Rocznik Historii Czasopiśmiennictwa Polskiego, vol. 7, no.1 (1968): 73–102.
Urushadze, A.T., ed. Natsional'nye okrainy v politike Rossiiskoi imperii i russkoi obshchestvennoi mysli [National outskirts in the policy of the Russian Empire and Russian social thought]. Rostov-on-Don: Izdatel'stvo YuNTs RAN, 2020. (In Russian)
Yanchuk, N.A., comp. A.K. Kirkor: Kratkii ocherk zhizni i deyatel'nosti [A.K. Kirkor: a brief sketch of life and work]. Moscow: Tipografiya A.I. Mamontova i K°, 1888. (In Russian)
Yuzefovich, M.V. Narodnost' i gosudarstvo [Narodnost and the state]. Kiev: Universitetskaya Tipografiya, 1867. (In Russian)
Banaszkiewicz, M.A. “Adam Kirkor i ‘pol'skaya gazeta, izdavaemaya v Peterburge’: iz istorii (samo)vospriyatiya rannei publitsistiki ‘Novogo vremeni’ (1868–1871 gody)” [Adam Kirkor and the ‘Polish newspaper published in St Petersburg’: from the history of (self-)perception of the early socio-political journalism of Novoe Vremya (1868–1871)]. In Nasledie Rechi Pospolitoi v imperskom intellektual'nom prostranstve [The heritage of Rzeczpospolita in the imperial intellectual space], edited by A.Yu. Dvornichenko, 368–415. St Petersburg: Vladimir Dal', 2022. (In Russian)
Bessonov, P.A. Belorusskie pesni, s podrobnymi ob"yasneniyami ikh tvorchestva i yazyka, s ocherkami narodnogo obryada, obychaya i vsego byta [Byelorussian songs, with detailed explanations of their creation and language, with sketches of folk rite, custom, and everyday life]. Moscow: Tipografiya Bakhmeteva, 1871. (In Russian)
Brensztejn, M. Adam-Honory Kirkor wydawca, redaktor i właściciel drukarni w Wilnie od roku 1834 do 1867. Wilno: Skład Główny w Księgarni św. Wojciecha, 1930.
Dolbilov, M.D. Russkii krai, chuzhaya vera: Etnokonfessional'naya politika imperii v Litve i Belorussii pri Aleksandre II [Russian land, alien faith: ethno-confessional policy of the empire in Lithuania and Byelorussia under Alexander II]. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2010. (In Russian)
Dolbilov, M.D., and A.I. Miller, comps. Zapadnye okrainy Rossiiskoi imperii [Western Borderlands of the Russian Empire]. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2006. (In Russian)
Dolbilov, M.D., and D. Staliunas. “‘Obratnaya uniya’: proekt prisoedineniya katolikov k pravoslavnoi tserkvi v Rossiiskoi imperii (1865–1866 gody)” [‘Inverse union’: the project for Catholics to join the Orthodox Church in the Russian Empire (1865–1866)]. Slavyanovedenie, no. 5 (2005): 3–34. (In Russian)
Dvornichenko, A.Yu., ed. Zabytye stranitsy pol'skogo voprosa: Antologiya [Forgotten pages of the Polish issue: an anthology]. St Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2022. (In Russian)
Frączek, M. “Petersburskie czasopisma Adama Honorego Kirkora.” Europa Orientalis. Studia z Dziejów Europy Wschodniej i Państw Bałtyckich, no. 4 (2013): 103–20.
Gribanovskaya, A.M. “Gazeta ‘Novoe vremya’ do A.S. Suvorina” [The newspaper Novoe Vremya before A.S. Suvorin]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 8: Istoriya, no. 1 (2017): 44–53. (In Russian)
Komzolova, A.A. “Mitropolit Iosif (Semashko) i reformy narodnoi shkoly v Severo-Zapadnom krae” [Metropolitan Iosif (Semashko) and reforms of the public school in the North-Western Provinces]. Rossiiskaya istoriya, iss. 2 (2020): 159–73. (In Russian)
Kotov, A.E. “‘Narodnost'’ i ‘Soslovnost'’: dva polyusa russkogo konservatizma” [Populism and the system of estates: two poles of Russian conservatism]. Khristianskoe chtenie, no. 2 (2017):
288–306. (In Russian)
Kotov, A.E. “Mezhdu imperskim i natsional'nym” [Between the imperial and the national]. Novoe proshloe, no. 2 (2019): 194–201. (In Russian)
Kotov, A.E. “Zapadnorusskii anabasis Ksenofonta Govorskogo” [West-Russian anabasis of Xenophon Govorsky]. In Nasledie Rechi Pospolitoi v imperskom intellektual'nom prostranstve [The heritage of Rzeczpospolita in the imperial intellectual space], edited by A.Yu. Dvornichenko,
259–338. St Petersburg: Vladimir Dal', 2022. (In Russian)
Malinova, O.Yu. “Obshchestvo, publika, obshchestvennost' v Rossii serediny XIX – nachala KhKh veka: Otrazhenie v ponyatiyakh praktik publichnoi kommunikatsii i obshchestvennoi samodeyatel'nosti” [Society, public and community in Russia in the mid-19th – early 20th century: Reflection in the concepts of the practices of public communication and public initiatives]. In “Ponyatiya o Rossii”: k istoricheskoi semantike imperskogo perioda [“Notions about Russia”: on the historical semantics of the imperial period], edited by D. Sdvizhkov, and I. Shirle, 428–63. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2012. (In Russian)
Mizernyuk, N. “K istorii Vilenskogo Muzeya drevnostei” [On the history of Vilna Museum of Antiquities]. In Slavyanskii al'manakh 2003 [2003 Slavic almanac], edited by M.A. Robinson,
148–63. Moscow: Indrik, 2004. (In Russian)
Obshchestvennaya mysl' Rossii: s drevneishikh vremen do serediny XX v. [Social thought in Russia: from ancient times to the middle of 20th century]. 4 vols. Vol. 3, Obshchestvennaya mysl' Rossii vtoroi chetverti XIX – nachala XX v. [Social thought in Russia in the second quarter of the 19th – early 20th century], edited by V.V. Shelokhaev. Moscow: Politicheskaya entsiklopediya, 2020. (In Russian)
Staliūnas, D. “Lietuviškojo patriotizmo pėdsakai XIX a. viduryje.” Lietuvos istorijos metraštis. 2000 metai (2001): 310–25.
Staliunas, D. Pol'sha ili Rus'? Litva v sostave Rossiiskoi imperii [Poland or Rus'? Lithuania within the Russian Empire]. Translated from Lithuanian by T. Timchenko. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2022. (In Russian)
Stolzman, M. “Z działalności wydawniczej Adama Honorego Kirkora. Pismo zbio-rowe ‘Na dziś’.” Rocznik Historii Czasopiśmiennictwa Polskiego, vol. 7, no.1 (1968): 73–102.
Urushadze, A.T., ed. Natsional'nye okrainy v politike Rossiiskoi imperii i russkoi obshchestvennoi mysli [National outskirts in the policy of the Russian Empire and Russian social thought]. Rostov-on-Don: Izdatel'stvo YuNTs RAN, 2020. (In Russian)
Yanchuk, N.A., comp. A.K. Kirkor: Kratkii ocherk zhizni i deyatel'nosti [A.K. Kirkor: a brief sketch of life and work]. Moscow: Tipografiya A.I. Mamontova i K°, 1888. (In Russian)
Yuzefovich, M.V. Narodnost' i gosudarstvo [Narodnost and the state]. Kiev: Universitetskaya Tipografiya, 1867. (In Russian)
Keywords:
Russian Empire, Northwestern Krai, Great Reforms, A.K. Kirkor, Novoe Vremya, national policy, pro-Russian public, public sphere
For citation:
Zav'yalova, O.О. “In the Struggle Against „Tactless Liberalism‟: A.K. Kirkor and the Newspaper Novoe Vremya on the Consequences of the Great Reforms in the Late 1860s – Early 1870s.” Historia Provinciae – the Journal of Regional History, vol. 7, no. 3 (2023): 762–809, https://doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2023-7-3-1

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