The political parties of England in the assessments of early enlighteners

In the article, the author pays attention to the debatable character of the formation of political parties and the establishment of a bipartite system in England in the 17th – early 18th centuries, both in foreign and domestic historiography. Based on the analysis of the contemporaries’ works of the era, the figures of the Enlightenment, H. Bolingbroke, J. Swift, D. Defoe, R. Steelle, J. Addison, Marquess of Halifax, the conclusion is made regarding the first parties – the Whigs and the Tories – their existence at that moment and their struggle for power.

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